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How to Build a 5-Axis Robot Arm with an Arduino (Beginner Friendly)

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Fully Assembled Robot Arm Building a robot arm might sound like an ambitious first robotics project, but it doesn't have to be. With a 3D printer, an Arduino Uno and a handful of affordable hobby servos, you can build a fully functional five-axis robot arm while learning the fundamentals of mechanics, electronics and programming. This project was designed with beginners in mind. There are no custom PCBs, expensive components or specialist tools required. Instead, the focus is on building something that is easy to assemble, easy to understand and, most importantly, easy to improve. Like any engineering project, this robot didn't work perfectly the first time. In fact, solving the problems taught me just as much as building it. Rather than hiding those mistakes, I've included them here so you can avoid the same issues when building your own.           By the end of this guide, you'll have everything you need to build your own robot arm and a solid foundation ...
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Installing Superior Software Speech! on the BBC Model B

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Speech! is one of the most impressive software achievements ever released for the BBC Micro. It generates understandable speech using nothing more than the BBC Model B's standard sound hardware, no dedicated speech synthesiser required.  In this project, I'll install the Speech! ROM into my BBC Model B, explore how it works, and hear the machine speak for the first time. Programming the ROM I found two archived versions of the Speech! ROM: An 8 KB image A 16 KB image ROM LIBRARY After comparing both versions, it turned out that they contained the same speech engine. The larger ROM was simply padded to fill a 16 KB ROM image. Since my Sideways ROM board uses AT28C256 EEPROMs , I programmed the 8 KB ROM into the EEPROM, repeating it across all four 8 KB banks so that it could be selected correctly by the ROM board. Burning the ROM Programming was carried out using my TL866II Plus Universal Programmer . Installing the ROM Installing the ROM was straightforward. I place...
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Installing a Sideways RAM Board in the BBC Model B

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The BBC Model B is one of the most expandable home computers ever made, with a wide range of hardware upgrades still available today. In this project, I'll be installing a Sideways RAM board into my second BBC Model B and using its built-in diagnostic commands to verify that the installation has been successful. Installing the Board Before fitting any upgrade, I always take the opportunity to inspect the inside of the machine. My usual checklist includes: Dust buildup Loose ICs Corrosion Leaking capacitors Damaged PCB tracks Previous repair work Fortunately, this BBC Model B was still in excellent condition. Installing the Sideways RAM board is fairly straightforward. Unlike a traditional Sideways ROM board, this upgrade plugs directly into the 6502 CPU socket , with the processor then fitting into the socket on top of the board. Several flying leads are connected to the motherboard to provide the additional control signals required by the board. Although the installation isn't...
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Programming and Installing New ROMs on a BBC Model B

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In my previous post, I installed a Sideways ROM/RAM board into my BBC Model B. That upgrade gave me several additional ROM sockets, allowing me to expand the machine with extra software without constantly swapping ROM chips. It also gave and extra 32k RAM. Now it's time to put that upgrade to good use. In this guide, I'll be programming two ROMs that I think every BBC Model B owner should consider installing: Advanced ROM Manager (ARM) – a powerful utility for managing your Sideways ROM board and Sideways RAM. BASIC Editor (EDIT) – a much friendlier editor for writing BBC BASIC programs. I'll be programming both ROMs using my TL866II Plus Universal Programmer and XGpro  software before installing them into the BBC Micro. Finally, I'll demonstrate one of ARM's most useful features by switching between the original Acorn DFS and Turbo MMFS filing systems. What You'll Need For this project I used: BBC Model B Sideways ROM Board Two AT28C256 EEPROMs ...
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